Caius Marius transformed Rome’s legions in 107 BCE: recruiting the poor, standardizing arms, creating cohorts and the eagle standard—paving the path to empire and civil war.
Discover the forgotten constitutional mechanisms that powered Rome's 500-year republic and continue to influence modern governance. Learn how the balance between patricians and plebeians created a remarkable system of checks and balances that modern democracies still emulate today.
Discover how ancient Roman legal innovations continue to safeguard your fundamental rights in the modern world. From property ownership to fair trials, Rome's lasting legacy shapes the protections you rely on every day.
Romance languages evolved from Vulgar Latin after the Roman Empire's fall, resulting in distinct languages like Spanish and French, which share similarities but face endangerment due to dominant national languages.