Explore the Stoic philosophy's perspective on fate and free will, highlighting its balance in Roman literature and history. Discover how Stoics, like Seneca and Marcus Aurelius, navigated the interplay between divine providence and personal responsibility, and its relevance in today's discussions on determinism and moral choice.
Ancient Rome, founded in 753 BC, evolved from a monarchy to a republic, and finally an empire, marking key events like the Republic's establishment in 509 BC and its fall in AD 476.
The Twelve Tables, crafted between 451-450 BC in ancient Rome, mark a pivotal moment in legal history as the first codified laws, promoting transparency and equality while laying the foundation for modern legal systems globally.
Born around AD 55 in Hierapolis, Phrygia, Epictetus rose from slavery to become a prominent Stoic philosopher. His teachings, marked by a religious tone, resonated strongly with early Christian thinkers. Despite facing expulsion from Rome by Emperor Domitian, Epictetus' influence endured through his pupil Arrian’s works, the Discourses and Encheiridion.
Stoicism, an ancient Greek philosophy, emerged in Athens in the early 3rd century BCE, founded by Zeno of Citium. It emphasizes self-control and resilience as means to navigate life's challenges. The philosophy advocates for living in harmony with nature and reason, considering virtue the highest good. As Stoicism permeated Roman culture, it significantly influenced their ethical framework.
Roman theaters played a pivotal role in the cultural landscape, serving as venues for entertainment that captivated both the elite and the common populace. These spaces were not merely for amusement; they were arenas of social commentary, reflecting and satirizing the intricacies of Roman society and politics.
Plebeians, the common people of ancient Rome, were vital to the fabric of Roman society. They comprised a diverse group of free citizens who were not part of the patrician elite. Understanding plebeian life is essential for grasping the social dynamics of Rome, as they represented the majority and significantly influenced the development of political and economic structures.
