Caligula opened with popular reforms—amnesties, tax relief, transparency—but after a severe illness turned to theatrical provocations, fiscal exactions, and ritual self‑cult, alienating elites and Praetorians and prompting his assassination: coercive strategy over madness.
Among the myriad of Roman emperors, few evoke as much intrigue and infamy as Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, better known as Caligula. Renowned for his tyrannical rule, Caligula's reign is often highlighted by tales of extravagance, cruelty, and madness.
The Roman military, renowned for its unparalleled organization, strategic prowess, and technological innovations, was a driving force behind one of history's most expansive empires. Have you ever wondered how this formidable military machine was able to maintain control over vast territories stretching from Britain to the Middle East?
