How Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus transformed the late Roman Republic: agrarian reform, grain laws, rise of populares, and the turn to political violence.
How Rome’s tribunes transformed politics: sacrosanct veto, popular legislation, and the revolutionary careers of the Gracchi, Saturninus, and Sulpicius.
The Roman Senate: how SPQR, auctoritas vs. imperium, and figures from Cato to Cicero and Caesar shaped the Republic, its fall, and the Senate’s lasting legacy.