Caius Marius transformed Rome’s legions in 107 BCE: recruiting the poor, standardizing arms, creating cohorts and the eagle standard—paving the path to empire and civil war.
Discover how five revolutionary Roman military innovations – from the impenetrable testudo formation to their professional army structure – transformed ancient warfare and continue to influence modern military strategy today.
The Roman military was a formidable force, renowned for its discipline and strategic prowess, which enabled Rome to expand its territories extensively. However, this dominance began to wane due to several critical factors.
