Roman portrait sculpture evolved from hyper-realism in the Republican Era to abstract spirituality in the Constantinian period, reflecting changing cultural ideals.
Empress Messalina, married to Claudius, wielded significant power in Rome but faced a scandalous downfall after her secret marriage to Gaius Silius in AD 48.
Explore the Stoic philosophy's perspective on fate and free will, highlighting its balance in Roman literature and history. Discover how Stoics, like Seneca and Marcus Aurelius, navigated the interplay between divine providence and personal responsibility, and its relevance in today's discussions on determinism and moral choice.
During the Roman Empire, literature and art thrived, influenced by Greek culture, with notable figures like Virgil and Horace, alongside advanced architecture and accessible art forms.
Explore the pivotal role of the Vestal Virgins in ancient Rome, from maintaining the sacred flame at the Temple of Vesta to their influence on religion and politics. Discover how these priestesses embodied purity and ensured divine favor for the city's prosperity.
Explore the political dynamics of the Roman Republic, highlighting the roles of Cicero and Julius Caesar in the struggle between Republicanism and autocracy, which ultimately transformed Roman governance.
