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Caius Marius: The Reformer Who Revolutionized the Roman Army

Caius Marius transformed Rome’s legions in 107 BCE: recruiting the poor, standardizing arms, creating cohorts and the eagle standard—paving the path to empire and civil war.

How Did Romans Write? Tools, Scripts, and the Spread of Literacy

Explore Roman writing tools, scripts, literacy spread, and their lasting impact on modern alphabets and society.