Caius Marius transformed Rome’s legions in 107 BCE: recruiting the poor, standardizing arms, creating cohorts and the eagle standard—paving the path to empire and civil war.
Discover how Roman emperors mastered public opinion through five sophisticated propaganda techniques that continue to shape political communication today—from Augustus's image manipulation to modern campaign strategies.
Explore the Stoic philosophy's perspective on fate and free will, highlighting its balance in Roman literature and history. Discover how Stoics, like Seneca and Marcus Aurelius, navigated the interplay between divine providence and personal responsibility, and its relevance in today's discussions on determinism and moral choice.
