Caligula opened with popular reforms—amnesties, tax relief, transparency—but after a severe illness turned to theatrical provocations, fiscal exactions, and ritual self‑cult, alienating elites and Praetorians and prompting his assassination: coercive strategy over madness.
Discover how Roman military hierarchy revolutionized warfare and continues to influence modern military structures. Learn the progression from legionary to general and see their NATO equivalents in this comprehensive guide.
